Te harakeke – he tipu raranga tangata

Hūtia te rito o te harakeke, kei whea te kōmako e kō?

Te kohi me te whakaora ake i te harakeke

Ētahi whiriwhiringa mō te whakaora ake i te harakeke

He mea nui te pā harakeke, he wāhi e āta whakatipuria ai ngā momo harakeke papai mō ngā mahi o te whare pora. Ka whakatipuria tahitia kia māmā ai te tiaki me te toro atu ki te kohi harakeke.

He māmā te whakarea i te harakeke. Me āta tapahi noa mai tētahi o ōna wehenga (ngā mea rite ki te kōwhiuwhiu te hanga) i te harakeke kua roa e tū ana. He ara utukore tēnei e nui ai ngā harakeke hei whakatō i roto i ngā mahinga whakaora. Ki te whakatupuria kia āhua tata tonu tētahi harakeke ki tētahi, he iti ake te pihi ake o te tarutaru urutomo pērā i te parakipere (ngāi Rubus).

Ko tētahi mātāpono o ngā mahi whakaora ake i tētahi momo tipu, ko te whakamahi i ngā kākano me ngā tipu e mōhiotia ana nō taua rohe tonu mai rā anō, kaua ngā rāwaho. Nō reira, mō te wāhi ki te harakeke, me kohi ngā kākano, me tapahi mai rānei ngā kōwhiuwhiu i ngā harakeke e tipu mohoao ana i te taiao tata. Ki te whakamahia ngā kākano, me rau atu ki te pouaka mātao mō te 12 wiki – mā konei e tika ai te tinaku.

Pērā anō i nga kaupapa whakaora taiao katoa (engari e tino hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa e aro ana ki te momo kotahi), anei ētahi āhuatanga matua hei whakaaro ake:

• He aha ngā take e hiahia nei tātou ki te whakaora ake i te pā harakeke? Hei puna harakeke mō te hunga raranga? Hei hoa mō ētahi atu momo tipu? Hei oranga mō ētahi pepeke, manu, aha ake rānei? Kia pai ake ai te kounga o te wai? Kei te hāngai rānei ēnei take katoa?
• He aha te huarahi pai katoa hei whakaora ake i te harakeke? Whakatōkia ngā harakeke e tupu māori noa ana i tō rohe (kaua ngā mea i ahu mai i waho o te rohe). Ina pakari te tū, ka tūkaha tonu i te waipuke, i te tauraki anō hoki.
• He momo harakeke e noho taonga ana ki tō whānau, ki tō hapū? Me ui haere mēnā arā ētahi momo harakeke o te hau kāinga kua mōrearea, kua ngaro rānei.
• He pā harakeke tonu te mea e pīrangitia ana? Mā wai te pā harakeke e tiaki? Kua takoto he mahere mō te tiaki i te pā harakeke i muri i a koutou, e toitū tonu ai ā ngā rā e heke mai nei?

Te whakaora ake i te harakeke mā te hunga raranga

• Ko te āta whakatupu i te harakeke te ara pai e mōhiotia ai e tupu ana he harakeke matomato, hauora tonu, e hua ake ai he whā pai (ko te whā te kupu mō te rau o te harakeke), he muka pai anō hoki mō ngā mahi a Hine-te-iwaiwa.
• Ka āta whakatōkia ki te pā harakeke ngā momo harakeke e tika ana mō te wāhi me te āhuarangi, me ngā hiahia o te whare pora. Ahakoa ka whakatipuria pea ngā punua harakeke e toru kia āhua tata tētahi ki tētahi, me nui anō te wāhi i waenganui i ēnei kāhui iti, kia kore ai e kōpā rawa te noho ina tupu ake, kia pai ai hoki te kuhu atu a te tangata ki te tapahi i ngā rau. Ā, ko te pāinga atu ina ngakia ngā taru i ōna wā anō, ina patua atu hoki ngā riha.

Te kōwhiri i ngā momo harakeke hei whakatō

• Ka mōhio ngā tāngata kua roa e raranga ana ko ēhea ngā momo pai hei whakatipu. Me whiriwhiri hoki mēnā ka mātua hiahiatia hei mahi kete, hei mahi whāriki, hei mahi kākahu rānei, hei mahi piupiu kē rānei. Mēnā kei te whakamahia hei whakaako atu i te raranga ki te tamariki, me noho mai anō pea he momo e pai ana, e ngohe ana ngā rau hei whāwhā, hei whakaharatau mā rātou.

Ko te kōwhiuwhiu rānei, ko te kākano rānei?

• Ki te āta wehea mai he ‘kōwhiuwhiu’ me ōna anō pakiaka i te harakeke matua hei tipu hou, ka rite pū te āhua o te mea hou ki te āhua o te matua.
• Ki te whakatōkia he kākano, kāore koe e mōhio mārika mēnā ka rite pū te tipu hou ki te tipu matua.
• Ka roa ake hoki mēnā ka whakamahia he kākano – e 6-8 tau, kātahi anō ka kīia he harakeke ‘matua’. Engari ia, ko te kōwhiuwhiu, ka tū mai hei harakeke matua i roto i te 3-4 tau.

Te kōwhiri i te wāhi pai

• Ko ngā harakeke pai mō te raranga me te whatu, ka tipu ki ngā whenua mōmona, e pai ana te rere atu o te wai ina nui te ua, ā, kei te kaha hoki te whitikina e te rā.

Te wā pai mō te whakatō

• Ko te ngahuru me te takurua ngā kaupeka pai mō te whakatō i ngā kōwhiuwhiu, engari i ngā wāhi makariri o Aotearoa, kei te pai anō te whakatō i te kōanga. Kāore e whakatōkia te harakeke i te wā e puta mai ana te kōrari, i ngā marama rānei o te raumati e iti ana te ua, e kaha ana hoki a Tamanuiterā.

Te whakarite i te pā harakeke

• Me whakakore katoa atu ngā taru ka pihi ake i ia tau i te whenua kua tohua mō te pā harakeke. Kua kitea te pai o te whāriki tāmi taru hei whakaiti ake i te wā ka pau ki te ngaki i ngā taru, ka pai hoki hei pupuri i te haukū o te oneone. Mātua horahia atu te whāriki, ka tapahi ai i ngā kōhao ki te whāriki hei whakatō atu i ngā kōwhiuwhiu ki te whenua. He pai hoki te whāriki huruhuru mō roto i te whare – he mea tawhito nei. Ka pōpopo haere i te wā e tupu haere ana te harakeke.

Te whakatō i te harakeke

• He māmā ake te āta wehe mai i ngā kōwhiuwhiu i te tipu matua i te wā e mākū ana te oneone. Whakamahia he kāheru mata roa, he tima rānei, he whakatiriwhana rānei hei paku karikari i te oneone huri katoa i te kōwhiuwhiu, ā, ki raro, ki muri anō i a ia.
• Kia wehea mai te kōwhiuwhiu, tapahia atu ngā rau o waho, kia mahue mai ai te rito me te awhi rito. He whakamaru tā te awhi rito i te rito, engari mēnā e roa rawa ana, tapahia kia poto ake. Whakatōkia takitorutia ngā harakeke hou, kia kore ai e tū mokemoke noa.
• Whakatō ai ō tatou tūpuna i te harakeke hou kia anganui tōna ‘puku’ (te wāhi toro whakawaho) ki te rā – arā, kia anga ki waenganui me te rāwhiti me te rātō. Mā konei e tiakina ai ngā rito ka pihi ake mai i muri o te punua harakeke nei – ka noho marumaru, ka noho haukū tonu.
• Kia 3 mita neke atu i waenga i ia kāhui harakeke, kia rere pai ai te hau i waenga i nga kāhui. Mā konei e kore ai e rea haere ngā pepeke unahi me ngā mate hekaheka, ā, ka māmā ake hoki te tapahi atu i ngā rau mate me te kohi anō i ngā rau pai.
• Mēnā kāore i tino mōmona te oneone, whāngaihia atu ki te whakahaumako whai pākawa tūtaewhetū. Kia auau hoki te hoatu i te wai.

Te tiaki i ngā harakeke

• Me mahi kia taru kore tonu te whenua huri katoa i te pūtake o te harakeke. Me tapahi atu hoki ngā rau mate. Hei haumanu i te harakeke, ko tētahi mahi pai hei mahi i te takurua, ko te tapahi atu i ngā rau katoa, atu i te rito me te awhi rito. Ā, ina kohia he whā hei raranga, hei whatu, tapahia atu ngā rau mate me ngā rau e whakamatemate ana. Mā konei e kaha ai te tupu o te rau hou, ā, ka āwhina ki te pare atu i ngā pepeke kino me ngā mate.
• Whakamahia he māripi koi hei kokoti i ngā rau. Kia hauroki te tapahi, ki te pūtake tonu o te harakeke. Mā konei e rere atu ai te ua ki te whenua, kāore e noho roa ki te taha o te rito, ka whakapirau ai i ngā rau hou.
• Ki tā ētahi kairaranga, ina tupu ake he kōrari, me tapahi atu, kia pau ai te kaha o te harakeke ki ngā rau, kaua ngā pua. Ko tētahi atu painga o tēnei, mehemea nō waho kē te harakeke, kāore ngā kākano o aua kōrari rāwaho e tupu ake, ka whakararu i ngā momo taketake o te hau kāinga.
• Ko tētahi atu mahi a ngā tūpuna, he whakahoki atu i ngā rau mate me ngā toenga o ngā mahi raranga, whatu, ki raro i te tipu matua. Engari he pai ake te kore e pēnei, kei noho ngā mea nei hei kāinga mō ētahi pepeke ka kaikai haere i ngā rau ora.

Te wahakura

Ko te momo harakeke pai mō te mahi wahakura, ko ngā mea e roroa ana, e āhua kaha ana anō hoki ngā rau. He moenga te wahakura mō te kōhungahunga, mai i te whānautanga tae noa ki te 6 marama pea te pakeke. He wāhi haumaru e moe ai te pēpē, engari me te noho pātata tonu ki tana whaea, e mau ai te hono kaha i waenga i te pēpē me tana ū kai pō. He tikanga haumaru hoki e moe ai te pēpē ki te taha tonu o ōna mātua.