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    • 1959 Book cover art superimposes a mouse over experiment data.
    Rights: Routledge Published 10 September 2024 Size: 430 KB Referencing Hub media

    Cover to Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by William Russell and Rex Burch, the 1959 book that codified many of today’s ethical approaches to animal testing.

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      The Three Rs of animal ethics

      The Three Rs are fundamental animal welfare principles that provide useful strategies regarding the treatment of animals for research, testing and teaching. The following text is an excerpt from ...

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